Food production and biodiversity interact with each other. Estonian and Europe's agricultural landscapes and techniques contribute to a large part of biodiversity, including insects, vascular plants and birds. Biodiversity-rich farmland is more resistant to climate change and enjoys the benefits of biodiversity such as pollination, healthy soil life and natural pest control. Preserving and linking biodiversity to agriculture is more important than ever at a time when climate change and the loss of biodiversity have proven to be a big challenge.

Climate-friendly food production refers to reducing carbon emissions through good agricultural practices that bind carbon to soil and vegetation. This involves the use and combination of evidence-based methods on arable land - for example, the soil can be cultivated less, organic fertilizers can be used, crop rotation and agroforestry can be practiced, and new ways can be found to use nitrogen more efficiently. In permanent grasslands, however, carbon can be sequestered by protecting peat soils, raising water levels in drained areas and favouring species diversity. Different solutions ensure yield stability in agricultural soils as well as increased carbon sequestration in the soil.